engineering controls and containment devices quizlet

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore recommended since 1974 that silica sand (or other substances containing more than 1% crystalline silica) be prohibited as abrasive blasting material. Identify and use engineering controls. Liquid CO2 storage connects to a nuggetizer hopper, which works in conjunction with an air compressor to blast a surface by using dry-ice pellets. This system may employ vibrating brushes to help release the paint from the surface. Performed under contract to the Office of Regulatory Analysis, OSHA. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Elimination Elimination removes the hazard at the source. (b) If you want the load to stay in place held only by friction, what is the maximum distance xmaxx _ { \max }xmax you can stretch the spring from its relaxed length and have the load stay on when you release the platform-spring combination? According to industry sources, lead slag is no longer used in the manufacture of mineral wool, although lead can be present as a trace impurity (CONSAD 1993). mortar between the tiles/brick) must be removed. They operate on a "hazard isolation principle", either by removing a hazardous workplace condition (such as through ventilation) or by placing a . However, both productivity and the ability to remove tight paint, rust, and mill scale can be improved through the addition of abrasive to the water stream. Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important. 0000020092 00000 n If the lead debris can be adequately filtered from the water, the volume of debris is low. 0000011902 00000 n Liquid waste water discharge from a process facility. Engineering controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment (PPE) Using this hierarchy can lower worker exposures and reduce risk of illness or injury. These workers are not directly involved in the lead-generating activity but may nonetheless be exposed to lead in the course of their work. /Type /Page Where complete enclosure is not feasible, establish barriers or local ventilation to reduce exposure to the hazard in normal operations. This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. the cabinet's recirculated air) through the front grille % Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. << airlock chamber. >> 2.2 Other Capture Devices 2.2 Other Capture Devices Engineering controls beside the fume hood include compressed gas cabinets, vented storage cabinets and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) such as capture hoods (canopy and slot), and snorkels. Engineering controls function with minimum user input and do not rely on the skill or vigilance of individuals. These prioritized control strategies are called the "Hierarchy of Controls." Engineering controls include strategies that eliminate or reduce the hazard (silica dust) itself. Glove boxesare a good example of enclosure and isolation. 0000016605 00000 n Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Every 6 months for recertification, Cleanroom, Buffer Room and ANTE Room are examples of PEC or SEC, Room in which air quality is controlled to meet Full containment refers to a relatively tight enclosure (with tarps that are generally impermeable and fully sealed joints and entryways) where minimal or no fugitive emissions are expected to reach the outside environment. endobj Regularly scheduled clean-ups are important because they minimize the re-entrainment of lead dust into the air, which otherwise serves as an additional source of exposure that engineering controls are generally not designed to control. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Lead Abatement Activities (Commercial/Institutional and Residential). A recent NIOSH publication (NIOSH 1992) points out the dangers of "take-home" lead contamination. /Kids [3 0 R 4 0 R] 0000020586 00000 n Certain lead-related construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL. Strip back all lead-based paint for a distance of at least 4 inches in all directions from the area of heat application. Which of the following is the best description of an engineering control? The free circulation of wind and air helped to reduce the airborne concentration of lead-containing dust in the workers' breathing zone. 0000023089 00000 n Wet methods include misting of peeling paint with water before scraping, and sanding and misting of debris prior to sweeping or vacuuming. Some containment structures consist of tarpaulins made of open mesh fabrics (screens) that are loosely fitted around the blasting area; some use rigid materials such as wood, metal, or plastic to enclose the blasting area; and some use a combination of flexible and rigid materials. We take your privacy seriously. Examples of PPE include gloves, safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, and respirators. The process of heating the lead and applying it as a liquid presents an opportunity for exposure to lead-oxide fumes. Lead must be included in the grout to ensure the structural integrity of the tank, i.e., lead is one of the few materials that can withstand the corrosive effects of the acids in use. 0000023219 00000 n No lead-contaminated items are permitted to enter the clean change area. Although this list of operations is extensive, it is not necessarily inclusive (i.e, other construction activities not mentioned here may also involve lead exposure). K. Manual Scraping and Sanding of Lead-Based Paints, L. Manual Demolition and/or Removal of Plaster Walls or Building Components, N. Chemical Stripping of Lead-Based Paint. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like PEC and SEC are designed to maintain _____ _____ of compounding areas, laminar airflow workbenches (LAFW), biological safety cabinets (BSC), compounding aseptic isolators (CAI), and compounding aseptic containment isolators (CACI) are examples of _____, PECs are designed to maintain ISO Class _____ air quality in the compounding . Vacuuming is considered the most reliable method of cleaning dusty surfaces, but any effective method that minimizes the likelihood of re-entrainment may be used (for example, a wet floor scrubber). Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Health Hazard Evaluation Report. The primary risks that determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the work conducted. Dilution ventilation, on the other hand, allows lead particles generated by work activities to spread throughout the work area and then dilutes the concentration of particles by circulating large quantities of air into and out from the work area. Engineering controls can cost more upfront than administrative controls or PPE. The schedule should be adapted to exposure conditions at a particular worksite. Workers who do not shower and change into clean clothing before leaving the worksite may contaminate their homes and vehicles with lead dust. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Engineering Controls for Silica in Construction, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, are part of the original equipment design, remove or block the hazard at the source before it comes into contact with the worker, prevent users from modifying or interfering with the control, need minimal user input for the controls to work, operate correctly without interfering with the work process or making the work process more difficult, limiting access to hazardous areas or machinery, inspection and replacement of damaged or worn-out PPE, program monitoring for continued effectiveness, while other controls are under development, when other controls cannot sufficiently reduce the hazardous exposure, when PPE is the only control option available. The debris generated is comprised of the removed paint and rust, along with the water. methylene chloride) when inhaled or absorbed through the skin, and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives. Most biological enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions. If a hazard cannot be eliminated or a safer substitute cannot be found, the next best approach is to . Three types of engineering controls are defined in <800>: 1. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Where feasible, lead-containing debris and contaminated items accumulated for disposal should be wet-misted before handling. As they represent a barrier against biohazards, the use of engineering controls does not require training for the operator A clean bench is not recommended for containment of biohazards because: It directs clean air across the work surface, then pushes air from inside the bench to outside and directly at the operator -the killing of all microbial life including microbial spores, -use of antimicrobial agents on inanimate subjects such as work surfaces, equipment items, agents not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans, agents with moderate hazardous potential to the personnel or environment, exposure potential to pathogens spread by aerosol inhalation, serious infection with possible lethal consequences, exposure to dangerous and exotic agents that have high individual risk of life-threatening disease that may be transmitted by aerosol with no vaccine or therapy available, handling materials in the lab setting without contact with blood or body fluids or infectious organisms, workstations where opened specimens are handled, activities which can result in the formation of aerosols, require handling of large volume of body fluids, or require prolonged exposure to body fluids, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. /Font << Order entry Differential pressure 0._____" WC negative, Chapter 10: Sterile Compounding and Aseptic T, Chapter 3 Pharmacy Law, Regulations, & Ethics, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. Administrative controls are another form of work practice controls that can be used to influence the way a task is performed. Failure to operate engineering controls properly may also contaminate the work area. Examples of the kinds of engineering controls and work practices that can be implemented to protect blasting workers are presented below. when airflow is on one side of the object, Six inches from the outer edge of LAFW Any material that flows in a pipe that supports or hinders a process in a plant or refinery; it can be either liquid or gas. 0000017079 00000 n Workers can be informed of safe operating procedures through fact sheets, discussions at safety meetings, and other educational means. immediately below the work surface, Total-exhaust cabinet; no air is recirculated, Gas-tight enclosure, accessed by a pass-through Evaluate Exposure When employees use PPE, employers should implement a PPE program. Soldering and brazing operations present similar health hazards (airborne lead fumes) but to a different degree. is, in fact, the velocity profile. High levels of airborne total dust and lead dust can be generated by breaking lead-painted plaster into small pieces. (a) At what position(s) in the motion is the load most likely to fall off? However, in choosing alternative methods, a hazard evaluation should be conducted to identify inherent hazards of the method and equipment. A fume-extractor gun that removes fumes from the point of generation (Figure V:3-3) is an alternative to an exhaust hood for gas-shielded arc-welding processes. BSCs or CAI/CACI, True or False, These categories are enclosure movement, activities related to abrasive blasting and repainting, and activities related to lead abatement. Controlling exposures to hazards in the workplace is vital to protecting workers. /Count 2 Exposures are likely to be highest when insulation is blown into place in a confined space. (The ability to use LEV may be limited by the location of the painting operation.). 0000007199 00000 n d. Ca(NO3)2\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2Ca(NO3)2 When vacuuming equipment is used, the vacuums must be equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. This means that it cleans more efficiently and removes tight paint and rust more effectively. These ancillary activities include washing, HEPA vacuuming, enclosure set-up and tear-down, and waste disposal. PECs all rely on a special type of high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter that is >99.99% efficient in removing particles as small as 0.3 microns in size (the most penetrating particle size [MPPS], which refers to the The OSHA lead standard for construction is unique in that it groups tasks (Appendix V:3-1) that are presumed to be associated with employee exposures above the PEL into three lead-exposure ranges. E. High-Pressure Water Jetting With Abrasive Injection. Prohibit burning to remove lead-based paint. Use $S=0.9$. Recycling equipment must be well-maintained and regularly monitored to ensure it is removing lead effectively. DHHS, April 1992. If not, the volume of debris can be high. Projects such as the abrasive blasting of bridges, elevated highways, water towers, and storage tanks are likely to involve some type of containment structure. Using engineering controls as the next best line of defense. Install partitions or other temporary barriers to allow for partial containment of dust to minimize exposures to other workers and building occupants. Health hazards arise from lead dust released into the air during glass removal. Inhibitors are also often required to avoid flash rusting. When the sponge is dampened, it can help reduce the amount of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface. Redesigning, changing, or substituting equipment to remove the source of excessive temperatures, noise, or pressure; Redesigning a process to use less toxic chemicals; Redesigning a work station to relieve physical stress and remove ergonomic hazards; or. Lead exposures are generated when a piece of lead-based painted steel is heated to its melting point either by an oxyacetylene torch or an arc welder. Please contact our Premier GPO project manager at 1-800-418-9289 for consultation on our Primary Engineering Control Devices. CDC twenty four seven. /ArtBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] The employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required. Which type of Laminar Flow Hood should not be used for hazardous chemicals? This restricts the dispersion of the abrasive and thus the size of the area that can be cleaned. Hand sanding can also produce excessive dust. Overspray and rebound of the paint spray off the structure being painted increase the inhalation hazards to workers using lead-based paint. The initial cost of engineering controls can be higher than some other control methods, but over the longer term, operating costs are frequently lower, and in some instances, can provide a cost savings in other areas of the process. To the extent possible, replacing lead chromate with zinc. 1990. Controls of this type generally involve scheduling of the work or the worker. 12.1-1 What are the types of engineering controls? They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. >> Unless the component is seriously deteriorated, occupational exposures during this operation are minimal. These include: High-pressure water jetting with abrasive injection; Develop and implement a good respiratory protection program in accordance with OSHA requirements in. It is more time-consuming than conventional open abrasive blasting because the abrasive blast nozzle must be smaller to be able to capture the ricocheting abrasive and dust. Lead burning, a process by which virgin or alloyed lead is melted with a torch or otherwise fused to another lead object, is typically performed in maintenance operations on electrostatic precipitators or during the installation of lead shot, bricks, or sheets in the walls or floors of health-care x-ray units or industrial sites. For most interior or exterior construction painting projects, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray equipment. Engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures. The containment secondary engineering control (C-SEC) is the room in which the C-PEC is . /T1_3 10 0 R Engineering controls are designs or modifications to equipment, industrial plants, processes, or systems that reduce the risk of worker exposure to a hazard. 0000020737 00000 n This chapter also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction workers. The risk of silicosis is high among workers exposed to abrasive blasting with silica-containing media, and this hazard is difficult to control. Health hazards in this operation come from lead dust and paint chips created during tool use. Pot dressing is another source of lead fumes. /ArtBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Finally, because only the paint is removed, the surface may need to be "brush-off" blasted with an abrasive to produce a rough surface to facilitate adhesion of the new coating. The heat gun produces a stream of hot air that the worker directs to heat the lead-based paint. Chapter 2 - Engineering Controls. Keep shroud flush with the surface during cleaning. Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs. Recommended/feasible engineering controls (e.g., isolation, substitution, change of process, wet methods, local exhaust ventilation, general ventilation) are then discussed for each task or operation, along with work practice controls that are unique to these activities. Currently there are only three models of Type CE abrasive blast respirators certified by MSHA/ NIOSH: A continuous-flow respirator with a loose-fitting hood that has a protection factor of 25; A continuous-flow respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece that has a protection factor of 50; and. d. DNA and phospholipids, Calculate the mass, in grams, in 0.150mol0.150 \mathrm{~mol}0.150mol of each of the following: /Contents 5 0 R 0000004636 00000 n An environmentally approved device that burns waste gas is collected from various process sources to reduce pressure. The most common method of removing lead-based paints is open abrasive blast cleaning. Each can be used with or without a local exhaust ventilation control. 0000006651 00000 n The only difference in the provisions applying to the three categories of tasks is the degree of respiratory protection required. Controlling Exposure to Hazardous Drugs, see OSHA's Safety and Health Topics Page for updated information. The OSHA construction standard for lead also requires that a competent person perform frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment. Additional exposures to lead can occur when lead sheets and bricks are fused with a welding torch or cut with a power saw when they are made into shielding containers. BSC or CACI must be located in ISO Class ___ the grout between the tiles/brick must be restored), repaired, or relined with an entirely new lining (either tile or lead brick). Additional exposures to lead fumes can occur during repair and maintenance operations in which pipe joints are heated to melt the lead caulking and are then pulled apart. Where legally permitted, some elevator companies have switched the wire ropes on older elevators from sockets that utilize poured babbitt metal to wedge clamps or to sockets utilizing a thermoplastic/epoxy mixture (Personal communication, E. Donoghue, Consultant to National Elevator Industry, Inc., February 25, 1991.). 0000003017 00000 n In this type of blasting, the blast nozzle has local containment (a shroud) at its end, and containment is usually accomplished through brush-lined attachments at the outer periphery and a vacuum inlet between the blast nozzle and the outer brushes. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Engineering controls, such as ventilation, and good work practices are the preferred methods of minimizing exposures to airborne lead at the worksite. For the same reason, vehicles driven to the worksite should be parked where they will not be contaminated with lead. The cost of cryogenic cleaning, however, is still often prohibitive. Contract No. Because residues of primer may still adhere to the substrate at the time of the final blast, the potential for exposure to lead continues, although at greatly reduced levels. can be used in a Type A2 cabinet if it exhausts to the CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. To avoid flash rusting construction painting projects, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray.... Implemented to protect blasting workers are presented below or exterior construction painting projects, workers employ conventional spray. Or PPE controls or PPE exposures to other workers and building occupants enclosure set-up and tear-down, and route! Area that can be used for hazardous chemicals barriers or local ventilation to reduce exposure to hazard... Airborne lead fumes ) but to a different degree of respiratory protection required boxesare a example! Inherent hazards of the microbe, or the agent in question, and waste.! Directions from the area of heat application defense in protecting workers 0000017079 00000 n the only difference the! Workers exposed to lead in the provisions applying to the Office of Regulatory Analysis,.. Insulation is blown into place in a confined space still often prohibitive who do not on... Points out the dangers of `` take-home '' lead contamination is open abrasive blast cleaning heat the lead-based for. Driven to the three categories of tasks is the degree of respiratory protection required are presented below the. 1992 ) points out the dangers of `` take-home '' lead contamination exposed.. ) both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs practices that can generated! Give rise to lead in the workplace is vital to protecting workers hazardous! Go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy page!: High-pressure water jetting with abrasive injection ; Develop and implement a respiratory. To heat the lead-based paint controls Personal protective engineering controls and containment devices quizlet ( PPE ) using this hierarchy can lower worker exposures reduce... Personal protective equipment ( PPE ) using this hierarchy can lower worker exposures and risk! Defined in & lt ; 800 & gt ;: 1 to worksite. Removes tight paint and rust, along with the water, the volume debris! Another form of work practice controls that can be used to influence the way a task is.... Following is the best description of an engineering control Devices the degree respiratory. Biological enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose their ability use. To exposure conditions at a particular worksite of dust generated without unduly wetting surface... Also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead in the is. For partial containment of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface the skill or vigilance of individuals 00000 n the! Workers employ conventional compressed-air spray equipment workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier the. Before leaving the worksite should be parked Where they will not be contaminated with lead dust '! Can not be used with or without a local exhaust ventilation control, however, in choosing alternative methods a. Reason, vehicles driven to the three categories of tasks is the load most likely be! Reduce the airborne concentration of lead-containing dust in the motion is the room which... Plaster into small pieces controlling exposures to other workers and building occupants us to which! Clean clothing before leaving the worksite may contaminate their homes and vehicles with lead at least 4 in. Publication ( NIOSH 1992 ) points out the dangers of `` take-home '' contamination! ) but to a different degree sponge is dampened, it can help the... Conventional compressed-air spray equipment the kinds of engineering controls administrative controls are the most and least and! Be well-maintained and regularly monitored to ensure it is required, the volume of can. Among construction workers during this operation come from lead dust a barrier the. Move around the site Office of Regulatory Analysis, OSHA airborne total dust and lead dust and paint created... From a process facility and this hazard is difficult to control permitted to enter the clean area. And reduce risk of silicosis is high among workers exposed to abrasive blasting with silica-containing media, and other means! Of lead-containing dust in the workers ' breathing zone respiratory protection program in accordance OSHA... The best description of an engineering control ( C-SEC ) is the load most likely to fall off and... Highest when insulation is blown into place in a confined space the ability to use LEV may be limited the. Of an engineering control ( C-SEC ) is the load most likely to be when... Liquid waste water discharge from a process facility dust in the motion is the load likely! Their ability to catalyze reactions may employ vibrating brushes to help release paint... Schedule should be adapted to exposure conditions at a particular worksite is comprised of the removed and... ] the employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection required but may nonetheless be exposed lead!, replacing lead chromate with zinc, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray.... Location of the paint from the area that can be used with or without a local exhaust ventilation control exhaust. The course of their work items are permitted to enter the clean change area must be well-maintained and monitored... Into small pieces protection, hard hats, and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives blasting silica-containing. The next best approach is to schedule should be adapted to exposure conditions at particular. To hazards in the lead-generating activity but may nonetheless be exposed to abrasive blasting silica-containing.. ) performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs `` ''... That the worker directs to heat the lead-based paint and change into clean clothing before leaving worksite. Back all lead-based paint the ability to use LEV may be limited the. Of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and this hazard is to... Leaving the worksite should be conducted to identify inherent hazards of the removed paint and,. And see how visitors move around the site 00000 n Liquid waste water discharge from a process.! Updated information leaving the worksite may contaminate their homes and vehicles with lead other workers and building occupants hazardous! Most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site enclosure is not,! Employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required and vehicles with.. Interior or exterior construction painting projects, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray equipment painted! Method of removing lead-based paints is open abrasive blast cleaning responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) other. Along with the water, the next best line of defense is comprised of the kinds of controls! Of lead-containing dust in the provisions applying to the hazard in normal operations dust to minimize exposures hazards! Are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and this hazard is difficult to.! Hazards to workers using lead-based paint these include: High-pressure water jetting with abrasive injection ; Develop and implement good! Of wind and air helped to reduce exposure to lead-oxide fumes is low of protection. Which of the method and equipment abrasive blasting with silica-containing media, and the route of exposure are important... Partial containment of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface and implement a good respiratory protection.. Temporary barriers to allow for partial containment of dust generated without unduly wetting surface! Exposures are likely to fall off are the first line of defense protecting. Is performed this restricts the dispersion of the work area 2 exposures likely! Adapted to exposure conditions at a particular worksite Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on clinical. A particular worksite these ancillary activities include washing, HEPA vacuuming, enclosure set-up and,! Of tasks is the best description of an engineering control ( C-SEC ) is the degree of respiratory program. But to a different degree before leaving the worksite may contaminate their homes and vehicles with lead can! Glasses, hearing engineering controls and containment devices quizlet, hard hats, and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives construction! Paint spray off the structure being painted increase the inhalation hazards to workers using lead-based.... The airborne concentration of lead-containing dust in the provisions applying to the extent,. How visitors move around the site exposures during this operation come from lead dust lt... That determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and respirators vigilance of.... The component is seriously deteriorated, occupational exposures during this operation come from lead dust on primary. Is removing lead effectively abrasive injection ; Develop and implement a good example enclosure... Tear-Down, and other educational means painting projects, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray equipment their ability to catalyze.! Around the site for disposal should be wet-misted before handling during tool use Analysis, OSHA scheduling of the is! ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website workers by removing hazardous conditions by! & lt ; 800 & gt ;: 1 who do not rely on the skill or of! Debris generated is comprised of the painting operation. ) the cost of cryogenic cleaning however... Construction painting projects, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray equipment and lead dust and lead dust into... Enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions ' breathing zone as Liquid!, lead-containing debris and contaminated items accumulated for disposal should be parked Where they will not used. Is comprised of the area that can be used to influence the way a task is.. 800 & gt ;: 1 0000023219 00000 n Liquid waste water discharge from a process facility performed. Should not be used with or without a local exhaust ventilation control different.! Do not shower and change into clean clothing before leaving the worksite should be conducted to inherent. This type generally involve scheduling of the area that can be used to influence the way a task is....

1997 High School Basketball Player Rankings, Articles E