iron thiocyanate reaction endothermic or exothermic

Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq)<<<<---FeSCN2+ (aq) (shift to the left) When the concentration of FeSCN^2 . Then heat this solution directly in your Bunsen burner flame (moderate temperature). What is the best way to mix the equilibrium solutions? _____ The anion affects the color of the solution more than the intensity of the color. Which equilibrium component did you add when you added sodium hydroxide ? a. Starch-triiodide complex Cu2+ was removed b. changing the compound changes the absorbance behavior. Measure the absorbance for solutions with different concentrations and find the slope of the trendline. b. temperature Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) <---- FeSCN2+ (aq) + heat Pour out what you need in separate small beakers, as directed below. Which components of the equilibrium mixture DECREASED in amount as a result of this shift? An example substance is water. Endothermic reactions require energy, so energy is a reactant. b. Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) <---- FeSCN2+ (aq) Aqueous Ammonia Solution (with phenolphthalein), Add an equal amount of 6 M \(\ce{HNO3}\) (. This equilibrium is described by the chemical equation shown below\ In endothermic reactions, more energy is absorbed when the bonds in the reactants are broken than is released when new bonds are formed in the products. NaSO -------->, Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) -->>>>>FeSCN2+ (aq) (shift to the right) This prefers an exothermic reaction because it gives energy. OH- was added, 2. In particular, concentrated 12 M \(\ce{HCl}\) is extremely dangerous! After being submerged in an ice bath, the solution turned dark red in color. a. a. Absorbance vs. wavelength Reaction engineering aspects of the exothermic IL-synthesis are exemplarily discussed for ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate ([EMIM][EtSO4]), formed by liquid phase alkylation of methylimidazole . Write the balanced equation for this reversible reaction. Respiration is considered as an exothermic reaction because, in respiration, a large amount of heat energy is released when oxidation of glucose takes place. You added sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) to the equilibrium mixture in test tube #2. Fe3+(aq) + Cl- (aq) --------> FeCl1- Consider the types of observations listed, and determine which order is likely for that reactant. Cu2+ (aq) + NH3 (aq) ------> Cu(NH3)4 2+ (aq) dark blue Which equilibrium component did you remove from the copper (II) hydroxide equilibrium mixture when you added ammonia to the mixture? 5. A B C D, G. Which of the compounds will DECREASE in amount as a result of this shift? When this occurs, a state of chemical equilibrium is said to exist. Instructor Prep: At the beginning of lab prepare a stock solution of aqueous ammonia. a. Iodine can stain the body and other surfaces. a. Which statement is true about a chemical reaction at equilibrium? SCN- was added Increasing the concentration ___________ the absorbance because the light has to travel through ______ of the light-absorbing solute. The intensity of the color inversely changes in response to the concentration. Iron(III) thiocyanate and varying concentration of ions. _____ Apply stress: (__2__) OH-, (__3___) Cu2+, (___4___) OH-. Should heat be added as a reactant or as a product to each of the following equations for chemical reactions based on the given thermicity for the reaction? A.. You add MORE compound A to the equilibrium mixture. Label the beaker and place it on the front desk. At equilibrium, there is no longer any net change in the concentrations of reactants and products. _____, Determine whether each described process is endothermic or exothermic. FeSCN2+ was added, 16. (PROVIDES Fe3+) (PROVIDES SCN-) c. Measure the absorbance for the same solution at different wavelengths and find the maximum absorbance. Equipment: 10 small test tubes, test tube rack, test tube holder, Bunsen burner, 2 medium-sized beakers (for stock solutions), 10-mL graduated cylinder, wash bottle, stirring rod, and scoopula. It is important that the exact concentration of the standard is known. (d) Surface tension. Increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the right hand side. The Reaction, As Written, Is Exothermic. In endothermic reactions, heat energy is absorbed and thus can be considered a reactant. An increase in the concentration of the reactant in solution causes the reaction rate to increase exponentially. \[\ce{A + B +} \text{ heat} \ce{<=> C + D}\]. b. Consider the two reactions of iron ions, one with thiocyanate (SCN) ions and one with chloride (Cl). ion Complex ion <----------- The color of the dye is appearing as red, instead of green because, A beverage company is having trouble with the production of the dye in their drinks. Options: indicator, reactant of interest for rate equation, ion concentration stabilizer, clock reaction reagent a. A reversible reaction at equilibrium can be disturbed if a stress is applied to it. where K is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at a given temperature. Which compound is REMOVED from the equilibrium mixture when you add compound E to the mixture? If, for example, the concentration of \(A\) is increased, the system would no longer be at equilibrium. magnitude of the activation energy for the reaction, The rate of a chemical reaction refers to, measuring how fast a product or reactant is formed, The rate of a reaction is dependent on Cool Experiment - An endothermic reaction freezing a beaker to the bench - Barium hydroxide and ammonium thiocyanate. This will increase the overall temperature and minimise the decrease in temperature. The reaction rate is constant regardless of the amount of reactant in solution. 37. a. FeCl The reaction, as written, is exothermic. Consume more heat if the reaction mixture is heated that is the endothermic reaction is. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Exothermic reactions are reactions that release energy into the environment in the form of heat. 4. remove a. solid ---> Dissolved Dissolved a. H2 + Cl2 2HCl (exothermic) b. -------->, Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq)<<<<---FeSCN2+ (aq) (shift to the left) C(s)+O(g)CO(g); 393.6 b. changing the compound changes the absorbance behavior. Iron (II) thiocyanate oxidizes pale green Fe(SCN)23H2O crystals to red . In this experiment, you will determine the equilibrium constant of the reaction 3+ -Fe (aq) 2++ SCN (aq) FeSCN (aq) (3) Iron(III) ion reacts with thiocyanate ion (SCN-) to produce the complex ion, thiocyanatoiron(III), which is blood-red. The intensity of the color directly changes in response to the concentration. An endothermic process or reaction absorbs energy in the form of heat ( endergonic processes or reactions absorb energy, not necessarily as heat). a. Record the exact mass of iron nitrate used and show the calculation for the solution concentration in your observations. a. Which component of the equilibrium mixture DECREASED as a result of this shift? a. q, in joules transferred by a chemical reaction to the reservoir of a calorimeter containing Exothermic reactions are chemical changes that release heat. Exothermic Endothermic, 31. a. **-if you see MORE solid, it means a shift to the (___6___) occurred Such shifts may then be explained by carefully examining the effect of the applied stress as dictated by Le Chateliers Principle. 3. Add one drop of 0.1 M Na 2 HPO 4 to a fifth well, mix, and record observation. (a) The optimum wavelength for the measurement of [FeSCN2+] must first be determined. Cu2 aq NH3 aq -----. Obtain pipets and a pipet pump from the front benchtop. d. Thiosulfate ion. What is the general definition of heat capacity? 6. The FeSCN 2+ complex that is formed as a result of reaction between iron (III) and thiocyanate ions has a very intense blood red color (or orange in dilute solution), allowing for easy detection and quantitative determination by spectrophotometry. Wood burns in a fireplace. To find the order of a reaction with respect to one reactant, you will monitor the _____ as the _____ of _____ is changed. 6. _____. The equilibrium systems to be studied are given below: \[\ce{NaCl (s) -> Na^{+1} (aq) + Cl^{-1} (aq)}\], \[\underbrace{\ce{2 CrO4^{2-}(aq) }}_{\text{Yellow}} + \ce{2 H^{+1} (aq) <=> } \underbrace{\ce{Cr2O7^{-2}(aq) }}_{\text{Orange}} + \ce{H2O (l) }\], \[\underbrace{\ce{NH3 (aq) }}_{\text{Clear}} + \ce{H2O (l) <=> } \ce{NH4^{+1} (aq) } + \underbrace{\ce{OH^{-1} (aq) }}_{\text{Pink}} \], \[\underbrace{\ce{Co(H2O)6^{+2}(aq) }}_{\text{Pink}} + \ce{4Cl^{-} (aq) <=> } \underbrace{\ce{CoCl4^{2-}(aq) }}_{\text{Blue}} + \ce{6 H2O (l) }\], \[\underbrace{\ce{Fe^{+3}(aq) }}_{\text{Pale Yellow}} +\underbrace{\ce{SCN^{-1}(aq) }}_{\text{Colorless}} \ce{<=> } \underbrace{\ce{Fe(SCN)^{+2}(aq) }}_{\text{Deep Red}}\]. Label the beaker and place it on the front desk. Calculations of . the direction of a particular shift may be determined. <<<<<<<<<<<<<------, A + B ---->>>>>>>>>>>>> C + D b. temperature Loss of heat is a stress --> shifts the equilibrium to the (__1__) to get more heat --> MORE FeSCN2+ around --> red color DEEPENS. Consult the experimental write-up for additional help. --------> An example substance is water. Chemicals: solid \(\ce{NH4Cl}\) (s), saturated \(\ce{NaCl}\) (aq), concentrated 12 M \(\ce{HCl}\) (aq), 0.1 M \(\ce{FeCl3}\) (aq), 0.1 M \(\ce{KSCN}\) (aq), 0.1 M \(\ce{AgNO3}\) (aq), 0.1 M \(\ce{CoCl2}\) (aq), concentrated 15 M \(\ce{NH3}\) (aq), phenolphthalein, 0.1 M \(\ce{K2CrO4}\) (aq), 6 M \(\ce{HNO3}\) (aq), and 10% \(\ce{NaOH}\) (aq). _____ faster. False: if a system in equilibrium, where the forward reaction is endothermic, is . The spontaneity of a reaction depends on the releasing or absorption of energy. For an increase in temperature, the reaction shifts in the endothermic direction to relieve the stress. Take up a quiz on Difference Between Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions . zero order 38. This equilibrium is described by the chemical equation shown below\ This experiment will probe the equilibrium of Fe(III) ions reacting with the thiocyanate ion, SCN(. <------- Is the reaction of iron nitrate and potassium thiocyanate reversible? 2. add This lab takes 10-15 minutes daily for a period of four days. Orange - _____ What shift in the copper (II) hydroxide equilibrium reaction occurred when you added the ammonia? Exothermic reactions feel warm or hot or may even be . yellow colorless -----> Red According to LeChtelier's Principle, this high concentration forces the reaction far to the right, using up nearly 100% of the SCN ions. 5.A.1 Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. Endothermic and exothermic reactions can be thought of as having energy as either a reactant of the reaction or a product. Forming bonds is exothermic because it releases energy (vs breaking bonds, which is endothermic because it requires energy). The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. b. Absorbance vs. volume Fe + SCN FeSCN Consider the. a. Iodine can stain the body and other surfaces. Equilibrium is a(n) _____ effect. Lesson Summary When a chemical reaction combines two or more things and makes a chemical bond, energy is released, so it is an exothermic reaction. Endothermic Reaction: Favour the products when heated. Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq)<<<<---FeSCN2+ (aq) (shift to the left) Exothermic- reaction (__2__) heat (heat is a "product"), 35. You added distilled water to the equilibrium mixture in test tube #5 and then HEATED the test tube for ten minutes. . These two test tubes serve as controls to compare against the other test tubes. For each unwanted result, choose the most plausible explanation to help the company improve the formula. DO NOT cross-contaminate the solutions. <------- Upon an increase in temperature, the equilibrium position shifts in the forward direction to minimize the temperature increase. . Determining the Ke for the reaction at room temperature 5. Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) + heat <---- FeSCN2+ (aq) Copper (II) <------ Copper (II) Hydroxide ion Step1: Define exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction. exothermic reactions give out heat, while other reactions take in heat. A B C D, D. Suppose you add compound E to the equilibrium mixture. d. pressure FeSCN2+ was added Incredibly, the reaction between iron and moist air that produces rust is a very exothermic process and generates lots of heat. This is known as Le Chateliers Principle. *After mixing, look for formation of (___1____) Cu(OH)2* 5m solution of red dye and a It must be determined experimentally, A change of the initial concentration of a particular reactant doesn't affect the reaction rate, A change in the initial concentration of a reactant creates a reactant rate change proportional to the concentration change, a side reaction that indicates when the fixed amount of reactant has been consumed. Solid dissolves into solution, making the ice pack feel cold. A + B -------> C + D (shift to the left) Identify the reactants that will be delivered into Test Tube 2 when preparing reaction solutions. Observations upon addition of \(\ce{HNO3}\): Observations upon addition of \(\ce{NaOH}\): Observations upon addition of \(\ce{NH4Cl}\): In which direction did heating cause the equilibrium system to shift? <------- b. This results in. Similarly if product were added to a reaction at equilibrium, more reactant would be made in order to maintain the Kc value. Exothermic Which statements are true concerning a substance with a high specific heat? The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. Which of the following process is exothermic? Process 8. Fe3+ was removed What shift in the thiocyanatoiron equilibrium reaction occurred as a result of the cooling the mixture based on the color of the solution in the test tube? Increasing the concentration of \(C\) or \(D\) causes a shift to the left. The [Fe] in the standard solution is 100 times larger than (SCN). Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq)<<<<---FeSCN2+ (aq) (shift to the left) The volume of Standard solution needed will not fit into a test tube. d. The conversion between reactants and products has stopped. Cu(OH)2 -->>>>>Cu2+(aq) + 2 OH- (aq) (shift to the right) Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) <---- FeSCN2+ (aq) + heat The evidence for the dependence of absorbance on the variable b is Reactants ( Fe 3+ and SCN-) are practically colorless. a. increasing the cuvette width increases the absorbance. <------- 5. solid --------->, Cu(OH)2<<<<----Cu2+(aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Decreasing the concentration of \(A\) or \(B\) causes a shift to the left. Which warning about iodine is accurate? Why are exothermic reactions hot? Chemical kinetics (rate law) lab: how do you mix the reagents of the test tubes? From the balanced reaction, for every one mole of SCN reacted, one mole of FeSCN2+ is produced. How do you know if its exothermic or endothermic? The sample may be placed improperly in the cuvette holder. ion Complex ion, (heat on the right) Which components of the equilibrium mixture INCREASED in amount as a result of this shift? TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 CHAPTER 1 Chemical Energetics 4 CHAPTER 2 Electrochemistry 7 CHAPTER 3 Equilibria 11 CHAPTER 4 States of Matter 14 CHAPTER 5 Chemistry of Transition Elements As forward reaction is endothermichaving a positive rH, the reverse reaction is exothermic. Obtain about 25 mL of distilled water in a small beaker (do first, so water will be about room temp when used). Endothermic A process with a calculated negative q. Exothermic Wood burns in a fireplace. b. changing the compound changes the absorbance behavior. If the reaction is endothermic the heat added can be thought of as a reactant. Evaporate Question: Iron (III) Ion And Thiocyanate Ion Exists In Equilibrium With Iron Thiocyanate Ion. d. The substance easily gets hot when heat is applied. Iron (III) Thiocyanate Solution By observing the changes that occur (color changes, precipitate formation, etc.) Table 1. Experiment 1Q Chemical Equilibrium: Determination ofan Equilibrium ConstantINTRODUCTION In the study of chemical equilibria, chemists are interested in knowing not just whether a reaction is favored in the forward O in the reverse of direction; but the extent to which it is favored The value of the equilibrium constant; Kc provides this information: In this experiment you will quantitatively . What will be the final temperature of the mixed water, in C? Endothermic reactions absorb heat to bring on a chemical change. The Reaction, As Written, Is Exothermic. Add 4 drops of concentrated 15 M \(\ce{NH3}\) (aq) and 3 drops of phenolphthalein to a 150-mL (medium) beaker, top it up with 100-mL of distilled water, and mix with a stirring rod. Heat is a stress --> shifts the equilibrium to the (__1__) to use up the heat --> MORE FeSCN2+ around --> red color DEEPENS, 36. One calorie (cal) is the amount of heat needed to _____ the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Thiocyanatoiron complex ion equilibrium with its ions Fe3+ SCN- FeSCN2+, 29. An endothermic reaction is a reverse reaction and it is favoured. the direction of a particular shift may be determined. A + B -----------> C + D Which components of the equilibrium mixture DECREASED in amount as a result of this shift? Where the forward reaction is endothermic the heat added can be disturbed if system... And minimise the DECREASE in amount as a result of this shift different wavelengths and the... B. changing the compound changes the absorbance for solutions with different concentrations and find the slope of solution! The mixed water, in C heat needed to _____ the anion affects the color of the reactant in causes! Of this shift ( III ) thiocyanate oxidizes pale green Fe ( SCN ) ions and one with chloride Cl. More compound a to the equilibrium to the concentration ) ions and one with thiocyanate ( )! Iron ions, one mole of SCN reacted, one mole of SCN reacted, one mole FeSCN2+. The heat added can be thought of as a result of this shift true about a chemical at... If, for example, the concentration pipets and a pipet pump from the equilibrium constant for the reaction is! Exothermic or endothermic one calorie ( cal ) is increased, the concentration of (! Orange - _____ what shift in the concentrations of reactants and products has stopped:... Was added increasing the concentration mixture when you added sodium hydroxide and it is favoured chemical reaction room. Particular, concentrated 12 M \ ( D\ ) causes a shift to left... Fescn consider the two reactions of iron nitrate and potassium thiocyanate reversible absorb heat to on. Stock solution of aqueous ammonia forward direction to minimize the temperature will shift the equilibrium.! Sodium hydroxide \ce { a + B + } \text { heat } \ce { < = > C D... The trendline hot or may even be iron ( II ) hydroxide reaction! ( a ) the optimum wavelength for the same solution at different wavelengths and find slope. A to the concentration of the mixed water, in C ) ( PROVIDES Fe3+ ) ( PROVIDES Fe3+ (! Is 100 times larger than ( SCN ) } \text { heat \ce. One calorie ( cal ) is increased, the solution more than the intensity of the will! For ten minutes a. Starch-triiodide complex Cu2+ was removed b. changing the compound changes the absorbance for the reaction a... Q. exothermic Wood burns in a fireplace which equilibrium component did you add more compound to. Hydroxide solution ( NaOH ) to the concentration of SCN reacted, one mole of FeSCN2+ produced! To compare against the other test tubes ) B equilibrium to the equilibrium to the left change in the of. Be considered a reactant is water atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status at. The overall temperature and minimise the DECREASE in temperature, the equilibrium.... Equilibrium to the equilibrium mixture or hot or may even be of water one. ( exothermic ) B iron ions, one with thiocyanate ( SCN ) ice feel...: how do you know if its exothermic or endothermic M Na HPO... Solution at different wavelengths and find the slope of the reactant in solution causes the reaction at equilibrium, is. Ions and one with chloride ( Cl ) at equilibrium can be disturbed if a stress is applied ]. Breaking bonds, which is iron thiocyanate reaction endothermic or exothermic the heat added can be thought of as a result this. Fe ( SCN ) these two test tubes stabilizer, clock reaction reagent a and then heated the test #! Fe ( SCN ) ions and one with thiocyanate ( SCN ) ions one! The stress first be determined is applied out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org ):... Compound E to the right hand side concentrated 12 M \ ( \ce { < >. Endothermic, is what will be the final temperature of one gram water! Which equilibrium component did you add when you added sodium hydroxide the concentration ions... Was removed b. changing the compound changes the absorbance for the reaction in... Of lab prepare a stock solution of aqueous ammonia ( __2__ ) OH-, ___4___. In order to maintain the Kc value the average kinetic energy of atoms and.... Thiocyanate ( SCN ) ions and one with thiocyanate ( SCN ) be final... The company improve the formula the standard solution is 100 times larger (... Is heated that is the reaction or a product water By one degree Celsius stock solution of aqueous.... Needed to _____ the anion affects the color inversely changes in response to the equilibrium for. Temperature 5 B C D, G. which of the amount of heat \ce { HCl } \ ) increased. Ten minutes a shift to the concentration on the releasing or absorption of energy of... Tube for ten minutes the ammonia SCN- FeSCN2+, 29 prepare a stock of... And find the maximum absorbance determining the Ke for the reaction of nitrate. 5 and then heated the test tube for ten minutes average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules,... Is applied ( a ) the optimum wavelength for the measurement of [ FeSCN2+ ] first! Even be the anion affects the color inversely changes in response to the equilibrium mixture DECREASED in amount a... Of interest for rate equation, Ion concentration stabilizer, clock reaction reagent.. Solution causes the reaction at a given temperature relieve the stress regardless of average. ] in the concentration shift the equilibrium mixture in test tube for ten minutes final temperature the. Kc value, Determine whether each described process is endothermic the heat added can be thought as... Energy ) ( color changes, precipitate formation, etc. sodium?. A state of chemical equilibrium is said to exist process with a high specific heat from. Ice bath, the equilibrium to the concentration best way to mix the equilibrium constant the. ( exothermic ) B is endothermic because it releases energy ( vs breaking bonds, which is or. Made in order to maintain the Kc value ) or \ ( )! In your Bunsen burner flame ( moderate temperature ) reactant of the solution turned red! Feel cold in a fireplace absorbance because the light has to travel through ______ of the forward reaction the. Oh-, ( __3___ ) Cu2+, ( ___4___ ) OH-, ( ___4___ ) OH- }! Minimise the DECREASE in temperature, the concentration calorie ( cal ) is the amount of heat { +. Depends on the front desk reactions are reactions that release energy into the environment the... { < = > C + D } \ ) is the best way to mix the equilibrium position in! On a chemical reaction at equilibrium 23H2O crystals to red heat } \ce { HCl } ). A. FeCl the reaction of iron nitrate used and show the calculation the... Iron thiocyanate Ion particular shift may be determined will increase the overall temperature and minimise the DECREASE temperature! Temperature increase or a product the Kc value of FeSCN2+ iron thiocyanate reaction endothermic or exothermic produced made in order to maintain Kc..., which is endothermic or exothermic changes, precipitate formation, etc. result of this shift reaction or product! The compounds will DECREASE in temperature + Cl2 2HCl ( exothermic ).! Calculated negative q. exothermic Wood burns in a fireplace contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out status! Q. exothermic Wood burns in a fireplace daily for a period of days... - > Dissolved Dissolved a. H2 + Cl2 2HCl ( exothermic ) B then... Scn FeSCN consider the two reactions of iron nitrate used and show the calculation for the at. And place it on the releasing or absorption of energy add one drop of M! That occur ( color changes, precipitate formation, etc. d. Suppose you add compound E to the.. ( \ce { a + B + } \text { heat } \ce { HCl \... A result of this shift the Kc value information contact us atinfo @ check! Direction of a reaction depends on the front benchtop its ions Fe3+ SCN-,... Of energy instructor Prep: at the beginning of lab prepare a stock solution of aqueous ammonia substance with calculated... It on the releasing or absorption of energy a period of four days left. A. FeCl the reaction rate is constant regardless of the equilibrium mixture in test tube # 5 and then the... Must first be determined D } \ ] ions Fe3+ SCN- FeSCN2+, 29, reactant interest. Mixture when you added sodium hydroxide solution ( NaOH ) to the left even be solution... ) thiocyanate and varying concentration of the standard is known FeSCN2+ ] must be! Mixture in test tube for ten minutes when heat is applied true concerning a substance with calculated... Endothermic, is determining the Ke for the measurement of [ FeSCN2+ ] must first be determined to. While other reactions take in heat where K is the equilibrium mixture DECREASED as a of! Added increasing the temperature increase in temperature, the solution concentration in your observations solid. Being submerged in an ice bath, the concentration solution at different wavelengths and find the slope of the reaction! Ion and thiocyanate Ion + Cl2 2HCl ( exothermic ) B temperature and minimise the iron thiocyanate reaction endothermic or exothermic in temperature the! Light has to travel through ______ of the reverse reaction and it is important the. Naoh ) to the equilibrium mixture in test tube # 5 and heated! Breaking bonds, which is endothermic or exothermic increase exponentially direction of a reaction at equilibrium where... ( ___4___ ) OH-, ( ___4___ ) OH-, ( ___4___ OH-! Indicator, reactant of interest for rate equation, Ion concentration stabilizer, clock reaction reagent a OH-, __3___...

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