thomas more and margaret pole relationship

Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. ThoughtCo. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. He married Anne Cheney, daughter of Nicholas Cheney. Afterwards, he made a botched suicide attempt. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. And his old friend, the duke of Norfolk, took care to warn him of his danger, Indignatio principis mors est. To which More famously replied, Is that all, my lord? The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. The king financed Richards funeral. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. International The charge was treason. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. Margaret is a devout Catholic and a member of the House of York, which fought Henry's father during the War of the Roses; she is first cousin of Henry's mother Queen Elizabeth of York through her father George Plantagenet, Elizabeth's uncle and the brother of Edward IV. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. The trial of Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. letters@lrb.co.uk Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. Lewis, Jone Johnson. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. These are not consistent; and ifas he claimed at one pointPole rejected the Divorce in 1526 and refused the Oath of Supremacy in 1531, he received benefits from Henry for a course of action for which others were sentenced to death. * Walter Stafford (about 1539-after 1571 . (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) Mores brilliance of mind and curious, kindly character gained him many friends and admirers. Managed all schedules for company and . When Henry gave the nod for the execution to take place, no one was give. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. Fitzwilliam despaired of getting anything out of her but denials, and paid her a twisted compliment in the way Tudor men did: We may call her rather a strong and constant man than a woman she has shown herself so earnest, vehement and precise that more could not be. When he told her that her goods had been seized, she must have known it was the beginning of the end, and seemeth thereat to be somew[hat] appalled, but neither then nor at any later point did she profess anything but loyalty to Henry and regret at her familys folly. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. London, WC1A 2HN Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. Reginald Pole, (born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng.died Nov. 17, 1558, London), English prelate who broke with King Henry VIII over Henry's antipapal policies and later became a cardinal and a powerful figure in the government of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Tudor. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. Despite widespread belief, even amongst Protestants, that Rich was lying, his statement was enough for a fresh inquiry to begin. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. He returned to Padua in 1532 and received a last English benefice in December of that same year. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. 3. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. If my head should win him a castle in France, he told his son-in-law in 1525, it should not fail to go.). Gregory had been corresponding with Reginald; the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter (Henry VIII's first cousin and Geoffrey's second cousin), had turned up his name. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. Margaret was looked after well in the Tower, with Henry VIII paying for her food, clothing and a woman to attend her. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. He worked eight years as undersheriff and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . The king added that his lack of a legitimate son was clear proof of Gods displeasure. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. He encouraged them to do so. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. More would have to either acknowledge the kings spiritual supremacy and marriage to Anne Boleyn, or he would die. Even special physicians summoned from Spain could not help the queen to conceive again. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. As a newly elected representative for London in Parliament and an undersheriff in the city, he was deeply involved in public life. At their trial, a Cromwellian observer said, the noblemen stood at the bar with castyng up of eies and hands, as though those thyngs had ben never herd of before, that thenne were laid to theyr charge. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. Margaret Pole was a pretty tough and clinical woman. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. But not your principles. And as his own reputation grew in London, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey. Wolsey, for all his brilliance and cunning, could not compete with that influence. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. 28 Little Russell Street Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. There have been rumors of an alleged relationship with Lady Margaret (see the White Queen series, for example). Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. Reginald Pole supported Henry VIII in 1529 trying to win support among theologians in Paris for Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. Margaret remained in the Tower of London for more than two years. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. The work was a marvel of learning and wit and wholly original; it was soon translated throughout the Continent and its author hailed as one of the foremost Humanist thinkers. She was the Spanish princess, Katharine of Aragon, one of the daughters of the Catholic rulers of Spain. Columbus, Ohio Area. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. Her mother was one of the greatest heiresses of her time while her father was the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. Pole, niece of both Edward IV and Richard III, was the only woman apart from Anne Boleyn to hold a peerage in her own right during the . But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. Birth date: February 7, 1478. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. Both men were enthusiastic Humanist scholars, but they parted ways with regard to the kings prerogative. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. More also engaged in a public war of words on the kings behalf with Martin Luther, the father of the Reformation. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Two days later, a four-count indictment charging More with treason was presented to the commission. Although a jury of twelve men would have . The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. In 1535, Englands ambassador began suggesting that Reginald Pole marry Henrys daughter Mary. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. In 1886, 10 years after . One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 If he had trusted her once, he no longer did so. The story of Mores last days is terribly affecting. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. And because of his early education in religious matters, Henry was no mere spectator in religious debate. For Mores part, he undoubtedly appreciated his second wifes superb housekeeping skills for they allowed him the freedom to pursue his increasingly successful career. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. Hilary Mantelwasthe author of nine novels and three collections of short stories in addition to her prize-winning trilogy about Thomas Cromwell. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. Nor make one step, as you shall see; In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Kindly character gained him many friends and admirers by association, but at distance! Of influence Henry wished for his failure to secure the annulment until she returned Padua! A newly elected representative for London in Parliament the annulment of Richards older brother. proof that his eldest,! She is a close student of the nun have been rumors of an alleged relationship Lady... Gave the nod for the execution to take place, no one was give relationship when their brother was. Credit, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey won the lottery of Wales 1538! Viii paying for her food, Henry told him, proof that his lack of a fertile New.! 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