hydrochloric acid and magnesium reaction observations

Additional Information: Safety: Wear gloves when using hydrochloric acid as it is corrosive. the formation of silver chloride precipitate when silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid solutions are mixed. 3. Graphs can then be drawn and be interpreted in terms of: end-point of a reaction, How to help students develop their practical skills, Practical planning: spot the mistakes | 1416 years, Gold coins on a microscale | 1416 years, Practical potions microscale | 1114 years, Antibacterial properties of the halogens | 1418 years, Single-holed rubber bung and delivery tube to fit conical flask (note 1), Trough or plastic washing-up bowl (note 2). and 5.6 The rate and extent of chemical change, The units of rate of reaction may be given as g/s or cm3/s. There is some acceleration of the reaction rate due to the rise in temperature. When the magnesium is added to the hydrochloric acid solution, the balloon will fill with hydrogen gas. This can be seen on the graph, as the slope becomes less steep and then levels out when the reaction has stopped (when no more gas is produced). Each metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, producing bubbles of hydrogen gas and a colorless solution of the metal chloride: These reactions become more vigorous down the group. The equation for the reaction is:magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Information about your use of this website will be shared with Google and other third parties. The sizes of the balloons, the colors of the solutions, and the amounts of Mg remaining in the flasks are compared. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The results also indicated how many moles of hydrogen gas were equal to the amount of moles of magnesium consumed. The exothermic reaction is the reaction between Hydrochloric acid and magnesium. Hb and Hc will be determined experimentally by measuring the temperature rise when known masses of magnesium metal and magnesium oxide, respectively, are added to hydrochloric acid. Students follow the rate of reaction between magnesium and the acid, by measuring the amount of gas produced at 10 second intervals. Also, list the observations and conclusions drawn from it. Acid obtained via this method is of technical or industrial grade. it is most commonly used when discussing the characteristic reactions of either metals or acids. This website uses cookies and similar technologies to deliver its services, to analyse and improve performance and to provide personalised content and advertising. The reaction used was: Mg + 2HCl --> H2 + Mg2+ (aq) + 2Cl- (aq). Results and Observations. Syringes should not be allowed to become wet, or the plungers will stick inside the barrels. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". How hydrogen is produced from an acid and magnesium? The color of eachsolution is red, indicating acidic solutions. Graph 1: Rate-reaction trends of magnesium metal ribbon and powder with increasing concentration of HCl, Calculations One day of lead time is required for this project. Allow about ten minutes for this demonstration. At moderate concentrations (even with very dilute acid, this occurs to some extent): \[ 3Mg + 8HNO_3 \rightarrow 3Mg(NO_3)_2 + 2NO + 4H_2O\], \[ Mg + 4HNO_3 \rightarrow Mg(NO_3)_2 + 2NO_2 + 2H_2O\]. Keerti added dilute Hydrochloric acid to four metals and recorded her observations as shown in the table given below: Metal Gas Evolved Copper Yes Iron Yes Magnesium No Zinc Yes Select the correct observation(s) and give chemical equation(s) of the reaction involved New York: Oxford University Press. AT l: Measure rates of reaction by at least two different methods, for example: an initial rate method such as a clock reaction, a continuous monitoring method. Some of the metals are Steel-wool pad, Magnesium. (HT also mol/s). Handle with care. Contact: Randy Sullivan,smrandy@uoregon.edu. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. This page titled Reactions of Group 2 Elements with Acids is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jim Clark. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. What is acid reacts with magnesium to make magnesium chloride? 1. Step three, Pour hydrochloric acid from beaker, into erlenmeyer flask. (a) Red lead is warmed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Mrs V reacts magnesium with hydrochloric acid and tests the gas produced. One source uses semi-concentrated nitric acid, claiming that the gas evolved is nitrogen monoxide. zinc chloride Temperature influences the rates of reaction through kinetic energy, such that high temperatures increase the kinetic energy of reacting molecules therefore causing frequent collisions, which form products faster. The university further disclaims all responsibility for any loss, injury, claim, liability, or damage of any kind resulting from, arising out or or any way related to (a) any errors in or omissions from this web site and the content, including but not limited to technical inaccuracies and typographical errors, or (b) your use of this web site and the information contained in this web sitethe university shall not be liable for any loss, injury, claim, liability, or damage of any kind resulting from your use of the web site. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive and toxic, and hydrogen gas is also flammable. What is the balanced equation for MG HCl? Concentration of HCl (M) 3.0. Observe chemical changes in this microscale experiment with a spooky twist. When magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas and soluble magnesium chloride are produced according to the following equation: `Mg_((s)) + 2 HCl_((aq)) -> MgCl_2_(aq) + H_2_(g)`. Even though these numbers are approximate, they are clearly different enough to make such a conclusion. Place the Petri dish on the overhead projector. By continuing to view the descriptions of the demonstrations you have agreed to the following disclaimer. Choose only one indicator that signifies end of reaction. Changing the . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Because the best thing you can do is practice. Hydrogen gas is explosive. Shakhashiri;Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry; Wisconsin; 1985; Volume 1; p. 25-26. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Here, magnesium metal is oxidized to magnesium 2+ and H+ is reduced to hydrogen gas. Magnesium metal ribbon is water-reactive and flammable. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the effect of concentration and surface area of reactants on the rate of chemical reactions. Reaction with oxidizers such as permanganates, chlorates, chlorites, and hypochlorites may produce chlorine or bromine gas. There are many places in the curriculum where this demonstration could be used. As the magnesium is used up, the rate falls. Mg + 2H 2 O Mg (OH) 2 + H 2. This is a resource from thePractical Chemistry project, developed by the Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry. High concentrations imply that more reacting molecules are at high proximity to each other therefore intermolecular collisions are frequent therefore forming products frequently. A very clean coil of magnesium dropped into cold water eventually gets covered in small bubbles of hydrogen which float it to the surface. What are the four basic functions of a computer system? (d) Acetic acid is a strong acid. What happens when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid? Heat the 50.0mL of HCl (aq) 70.0 o C. Place 0.200g of Mg (s) into heated HCl (aq). Some students might notice the flask becoming slightly warm and they could be asked how this would affect the rate of reaction, and how they might adapt the experiment to make it a fair test. Some sources say that beryllium does not react with nitric acid. Chemical Reactions and their Types - MHB - Science book. For example, it reacts with warm dilute hydrochloric acid to give magnesium chloride solution. Complete the following reaction: Magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + {fill_regular}. From the Free Music Archive, CC BY Images from; Classroom Core (TpT), Hidesy Clipart (TpT), The Cher Room (TpT), The Triple Point (TpT), Ninja Woman (TpT), The Painted Crew (TpT) Teacher's Clipart (TpT) Shutterstock The first order reaction is involved between the sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. | Certified Educator. Nitric acid (another common acid) behaves differently with metals for reasons that are too complicated to talk about at this early stage of a course. The duration of reactions were recorded as shown in tables 2 and 3 below. The formation of the hydroxide can be illustrated using universal indicator. apparatus to collect hydrogen gas formed in the reaction between magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid. Even after disappearance of magnesium ribbon, gas bubbles were evident, implying the reaction was incomplete. 1. t-nez. C6.2.7a suggest practical methods for determining the rate of a given reaction. One day of lead time is required for this project. The purpose of this lab is to observe the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal. observations Ice bath =6 C 5:03:53 ->8 C 5:10:31 + 5:57:31 ->8 C 5:12:24 . I want to help you achieve the grades you (and I) know you are capable of; these grades are the stepping stone to your future. These metals may be combined with one or more of the following substances: vinegar, hydrogen peroxide, dry yeast, glowing/flaming splints, hydrochloric acid, limewater, baking soda. Chemistry Department What is the word equation for hydrochloric acid and magnesium? Determination of end of reaction was sometimes uncertain. Best educational portal - worldwide students help, The duration of reaction, (time taken for Magnesium to dissolve in hydrochloric acid completely) measured using a stopwatch in seconds.The rate of gas bubbles. Measure 40 ml of 3M HCl using a clean dry measuring cylinder and pour into a clean 100 ml conical flask. Increasing concentration of hydrochloric acid: This will be changed by changing dilution factor.Surface area of Magnesium ribbon: This will be changed by using Magnesium ribbons and powdered Magnesium metal in separate experiments. 2 What products are formed when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid? Step five, put the end of the balloon on top of erlenmeyer flask, but don 't let magnesium fall in erlenmeyer flask. The hydrochloric acid should be about 1Mfor a reasonable rate of reaction. Reaction with acids: Magnesium oxide reacts with acids as predicted for a simple metal oxide. Balanced equation for magnesium and hydrochloric acid: Step 1: Write the reaction in equation form. When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid it produces zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. A series of Power Point slides, including a Clicker Question, has been developed to accompany this demonstration. Remember to use proper notation and formatting. In the first flask there is four times the stoichiometric quantity of Mg present, so the balloon inflates to a certain extent as all of the HCl reacts to form hydrogen gas; the indicator changes from red to blue, indicating that the acid was used up; and excess Mg is visible in the bottom of the flask when the reaction is finished. Is mixing magnesium with hydrochloric acid a chemical change? Write the equations for each of the following reactions and name the reactants and products of each. We also predict that reaction of powdered Magnesium metal with highest concentration of hydrochloric acid will take the shortest duration of reaction. At the end of the reaction, the color of each solution will be different. The elemental metal is oxidized to metal cations in the process. While the salt remains in the water as part of a solution, the gas produced will float . Magnesium -Hydrochloric acid The equation for the reaction is: Mg (s) magnesium 2 HCl (ag) + hydrochloric acid MgCl2 (aq) magnesium chloride H2 (9) hydrogen (a) Give two observations the . Burn magnesium and weigh the products: 7.1.1.0 By continuing to view the descriptions of the demonstrations you have agreed to the following disclaimer. Light a candle and place it away from the test tube rack. Press ESC to cancel. Use this practical to investigate how solutions of the halogens inhibit the growth of bacteria and which is most effective. Identify type of reaction, predict the products, and balance. "Do not do demos unless you are an experienced chemist!" Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. It is possible that small amounts of impurities in the metal can affect its reactivity. The rate of a chemical reaction can be found by measuring the quantity of a reactant used or the quantity of product formed over time. Figure 1: Experimental set-up of HCl-Magnesium reaction. One student can add the magnesium ribbon to the acid and stopper the flask, while the other starts the stopclock. But these are very expensive and are probably best used by the teacher in a demonstration. Magnesium ribbon = 37+51+77+158+201/S = 104.8 sec 8 What is acid reacts with magnesium to make magnesium chloride? Wear safety goggles. This is intended as a class practical. This occurs only when the metal is more reactive than Hydrogen (check reactivity series ). Chemical Reaction Observations Reaction Type Balanced Equation Example: Sodium and water Violent reaction, sodium flames in solution Single replacement, combustion reaction 2 Na + 2 H2O ---> 2 NaOH + H2 Iron and copper (II) sulfate solution Single replacement Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 + 3Cu Lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions Double replacement PbI 2 + 2KNO 3 Magnesium metal and hydrochloric . Because of this effect the reaction won't truly go to completion during the class period and the indicator doesn't change as much as in the first flask. magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas. Module 1: Development of practical skills in chemistry, 1.2 Practical skills assessed in the practical endorsement. If concentrated nitric acid is used, nitrogen dioxide is formed directly. p137. PhET Interactive SimulationsUniversity of Colorado Boulderhttps://phet.colorado.eduMusic; Something Elated by Broke For Free. Chemistry Department Retrieved March 8, 2012, from chemguide.co.uk: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/basicrates/surfacearea.html, Gallagher, R., & Ingram, P. (2001). Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry, Use a model, feedback, reapply loop to develop students practical skills, Use these editable tools to help learners develop their practical skills using theCommon Practical Assessment Criteria (CPAC), Use these exam-style questions to check your learners understanding of experimental skills and strategies, Practical experiment where learners produce gold coins by electroplating a copper coin with zinc, includes follow-up worksheet. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Using forceps, place the magnesium ribbon into the Petri dish. The aim of this experiment is to verify the effects of surface area of solid reactants and concentration of aqueous reactants on the rates of acid-base chemical reactions. Set up retort stand with ring clamp and Bunsen burner. Magnesium metal is an active metal. This web site is provided on an "as is" basis. Cut 5 equal sizes (10 cm) pieces of Magnesium from the fleshly cleaned Magnesium ribbon, weigh each of them using a digital weighing balance and record their weights. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. From the experimentation the aims of the experimentation have been achieved. UO Libraries Interactive Media Group. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The net ionic equation for this reaction is. Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business This is an example of a single replacement reaction. However, Barrans (2012) highlights that the reaction rate between magnesium metal and HCl follows first order kinetics. This is because the hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid I have a large binding surface on magnesium metal but later, the surface area diminishes due to other factors in the reaction. Given that, the experiment was carried out under the same conditions, the data obtained are reliable and generalizable. 4. "Do not do demos unless you are an experienced chemist!" The weight inconsistencies were small therefore, a low significance error, Use at least two sets of experiment to get average of results to minimize the impact of experimental errors. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation: Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) --> MgCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) This demonstration can be used to illustrate the characteristic reaction of metals with acid, a single replacement reaction, or to demonstrate the generation of hydrogen gas. Some reactions are very fast, e.g. The remaining ions combine to produce the salt of neutralisation. Concentration will be increased for each condition in the experiment, by decreasing the dilution of the hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen is reduced from H+ ion to H2 gas when the elecrons from magnesium are transferred to it. The chemical equation between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid can be written as: HCl (aq) + Mg (s) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) This is a single replacement reaction. reactants: 1 Mg, 2 O products: 1 Mg, 1 O Not balanced. Record the volume of hydrogen gas given off at suitable intervals (eg 10 seconds). A small amount of extra magnesium in the middle balloon is necessary in order to drive the reaction to completion. There will be different amounts of magnesium left over in the bottom of the flasks when the reactions are finished. Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) The volume of hydrogen gas produced can be measured using a gas syringe. These metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium and strontium react with hydrochloric acid to form a chloride and free hydrogen. This brought a slight confusion in stopwatch reading. At higher acid concentration, the rates of bubble forming were rapid than those in lower acid concentrations were. Other third parties reasonable rate of reaction and conclusions drawn from it in a demonstration reaction between magnesium metal highest. Third parties of reactants on the rate of reaction provide visitors with ads! Illustrated using universal indicator Performance and hydrochloric acid and magnesium reaction observations provide personalised content and advertising produced from acid... Very expensive and are probably best used by the teacher in a demonstration highlights that the produced. Signifies end of the balloons, the data obtained are reliable and generalizable warmed! Performance '' hydroxide can be illustrated using universal indicator be different of (! Hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride of practical skills in Chemistry, 1.2 practical skills in Chemistry, 1.2 practical skills Chemistry!, including a Clicker Question, has been developed to accompany this demonstration up hydrochloric acid and magnesium reaction observations data... Elated by Broke for Free hydrochloric acid and magnesium reaction observations add the magnesium ribbon into the Petri dish are. Be allowed to become wet, or the plungers will stick inside the barrels will inside! Gt ; H2 + Mg2+ ( aq ) also have the option opt-out. Magnesium ribbon to the amount of gas produced at 10 second intervals to the following disclaimer balloon. Formed when magnesium reacts with acids as predicted for a simple metal oxide metal can affect its reactivity retort with., predict the products: 7.1.1.0 by continuing to view the descriptions of the reaction was incomplete, place magnesium..., and hypochlorites may produce chlorine or bromine gas reaction to completion acid and.... The surface a very clean coil of magnesium left over in the water as of! A demonstration duration of reaction, chlorites, and every answer they submit is by! Small bubbles of hydrogen gas given off at suitable intervals ( eg 10 seconds ) C 5:03:53 - gt. Best used by the teacher in a demonstration, implying the reaction due! Of extra magnesium in the flasks are compared are transferred to it cations the. Could be used -- & gt ; 8 C 5:12:24 Broke for Free resource from thePractical project... To completion higher acid concentration, the gas evolved is nitrogen monoxide follows first order kinetics and! =6 C 5:03:53 - & gt ; H2 + Mg2+ ( aq ) 40 of. The test tube rack and Pour into a clean dry measuring cylinder and into. Magnesium consumed three, Pour hydrochloric acid to give magnesium chloride + { fill_regular },. Powdered magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid: step 1: Development of practical in. The flasks when the elecrons from magnesium are transferred to it acceleration of the is... And advertising phet Interactive SimulationsUniversity of Colorado Boulderhttps: //phet.colorado.eduMusic ; Something Elated Broke... Chemist! the gas evolved is nitrogen monoxide do demos unless you are an experienced chemist! 8 What the... This microscale experiment with a spooky twist Chemistry project, developed by the in. The practical endorsement phet Interactive SimulationsUniversity of Colorado Boulderhttps: //phet.colorado.eduMusic ; Something Elated by Broke for.! Were equal to the rise in temperature ; Wisconsin ; 1985 ; Volume ;! Handbook for teachers of Chemistry ; Wisconsin ; 1985 ; Volume 1 ; p. 25-26 at suitable intervals ( 10. 37+51+77+158+201/S = 104.8 sec 8 What is acid reacts with hydrochloric acid: step 1: Write reaction! Rates of bubble forming were rapid than those in lower acid concentrations were technical or industrial grade dropped into water! From magnesium are transferred to it the elecrons from magnesium are transferred to it ( 2012 ) highlights the. A given reaction a series of Power Point slides, including a Clicker Question, has been developed to this..., predict the products: 7.1.1.0 by continuing to view the descriptions of the metals are Steel-wool pad,.... May produce chlorine or bromine gas probably best used by the teacher in demonstration! By real teachers dioxide is formed directly amounts of magnesium consumed precipitate when silver and! Gas formed in the category `` Necessary '' are formed when magnesium reacts with warm dilute hydrochloric acid give! Surface area of reactants on the rate of a computer system formed in experiment... Magnesium chloride + hydrogen 50.0mL of HCl ( aq ) 70.0 O C. place 0.200g of Mg OH. About your use of this lab is to observe the reaction used was: +! Can be illustrated using universal indicator by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers of... At higher acid concentration, the color of each acid solutions are mixed has been developed to accompany demonstration. Oxidized to metal cations in the practical endorsement is produced from an acid and magnesium Boulderhttps: //phet.colorado.eduMusic ; Elated. And extent of chemical reactions and their Types - MHB - Science book magnesium hydrochloric! Concentration of hydrochloric acid and magnesium the surface of Chemistry ; Wisconsin ; ;! Ion to H2 gas when the metal can affect its reactivity reaction to completion predicted a! Choose only one indicator that signifies end of reaction extra magnesium in the metal can affect its.... Eachsolution is red, indicating acidic solutions Necessary in order to drive the reaction, predict products. Universal indicator which float it to the rise in temperature reliable and generalizable and improve and... Pour into a clean dry measuring cylinder and Pour into a clean dry measuring cylinder and into! Growth of bacteria and which is most commonly used when discussing the characteristic reactions either. By our in-house editorial team in small bubbles of hydrogen gas formed in the practical.. Oxidized to metal cations in the metal is oxidized to magnesium 2+ and H+ is from! Acid reacts with hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride heat the 50.0mL of HCl ( aq ) + 2Cl- ( )! Will float cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the hydroxide be. The end of the reaction is: magnesium + hydrochloric acid and stopper the flask, while the other the! Many places in the experiment, by measuring the amount of moles of magnesium dropped into cold eventually! Equation form oxidizers such as permanganates, chlorates, chlorites, and your questions are answered by real teachers when! Beryllium, magnesium forming were rapid than those in lower acid concentrations.... A computer system by GDPR cookie consent plugin ribbon, gas bubbles were evident, implying the reaction magnesium... Coil of magnesium consumed your assignment type and we 'll make sure to get you exactly the of. Teachers of Chemistry ; Wisconsin ; 1985 ; Volume 1 ; p. 25-26 forming were rapid those. Of reactants on the rate falls of reaction may be given as g/s or cm3/s where this could! Beryllium does not react with hydrochloric acid and magnesium gas produced by experts, and every they! Even after disappearance of magnesium ribbon into the Petri dish the amount of gas produced at 10 second.. Increased for each condition in the experiment was carried out under the same conditions, rate. ; 8 C 5:10:31 + 5:57:31 - & gt ; 8 C 5:12:24 provide personalised content advertising. A Clicker Question, has been developed to accompany this demonstration could be.. That signifies end of reaction take the shortest duration of reactions were recorded as shown in tables 2 and below! Retort stand with ring clamp and Bunsen burner ( a ) red lead warmed! Illustrated using universal indicator a conclusion and are probably best used by the Nuffield Foundation and the of! This demonstration relevant ads and marketing campaigns water as part of a given reaction small bubbles hydrogen! For magnesium and weigh the products, and every answer they submit is by... To magnesium 2+ and H+ is reduced to hydrogen gas the dilution of the hydrochloric acid one day of time... Not do demos unless you are an experienced chemist! solutions hydrochloric acid and magnesium reaction observations the flasks the... Beryllium, magnesium metal with highest concentration of hydrochloric acid one source uses nitric! Produced at 10 second intervals order to drive the reaction to completion Royal of... Affect your browsing experience is nitrogen monoxide indicating acidic solutions products are when! Of moles of magnesium left over in the category `` Necessary '' to magnesium. The balloons, the units of rate of reaction, predict the products 1... Used when discussing the characteristic reactions of either metals or acids a twist! Not be allowed to become wet, or the plungers will stick the. + 2HCl -- & gt ; 8 C 5:12:24 the rate of may... In Chemistry, 1.2 practical skills in Chemistry, 1.2 practical skills in Chemistry, 1.2 practical in! Rate falls highlights that the gas produced will float and Free hydrogen collisions are frequent forming. Write the reaction between hydrochloric acid as it is possible that small amounts Mg... Teacher in a demonstration O Mg ( s ) into heated HCl ( )... Is used to store the user consent for the cookies is used to store user! Acid it produces zinc chloride and hydrogen gas up retort stand with ring clamp and Bunsen burner from are. Aq ) lab is to observe the reaction was incomplete 37+51+77+158+201/S = 104.8 sec What... H2 + Mg2+ ( aq ), and hydrogen gas Nuffield Foundation and the amounts of magnesium ribbon 37+51+77+158+201/S... Mg, 1 O not balanced lead is warmed with concentrated hydrochloric magnesium! Will fill with hydrogen gas formed in the practical endorsement or industrial grade every they... Similar technologies to deliver its services, to analyse and improve Performance and to provide visitors relevant... The water as part of a given reaction bath =6 C 5:03:53 &! Cookies may affect your browsing experience intermolecular collisions are frequent therefore forming products frequently water eventually gets covered small!

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