descriptive representation pros and cons

The 114th Congress, which began in January 2015, had a historically large percentage of racial and ethnic minorities. Sex and social justice. Tables can be useful if trying to. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Government American Congress Congressional Representation. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. New York: Free Press. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 90 percent of the population growth in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the United States is rapidly becoming even more diverse. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. . Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio PROS Better understanding Easy sharing of information Accurate analysis Sales analysis Finding relations between events Modification of data Exploring opportunities and trends Geographical visualization CONS It gives estimation not accuracy Biased Lack of assistance Improper design issue Wrong focused people can skip core messages In recent decades, Congress has become much more descriptively representative of the United States. blurted this. Various reforms such as the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Acts were implemented during the civil rights era as they helped promote greater inclusion and equity to, but not limited to, African Americans and Mexican-Americans. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Barry, B. In todays world, these injustices still remain an issue and arguably have become worst. Goodin, R. 2004. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. Pros. Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. Another argument in favor of descriptive research is that once information is assembled, there are many ways to apply it. Representative democracy is a form of government in which the people elect officials to create laws and policy on their behalf. Palgrave Macmillan, London. Cons. 1. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. This leaves lasting impacts, not only emotionally, but mentally and psychologically as well. This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. While this observation highlights why it is impossible to include every subgroup all the time, it should not distract from the need of including ethnic and regional minorities in processes of decision-making, and certainly not be seen as a licence to exclude large groups of society. Democracy With Adequate Representation. (2004). Feminism, epistemology and morality. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. Tannen, D. (1994). This advantage makes it possible to determine if outcomes are viable. Surprising as it may seem, some teachers don't think grades are a useful tool. While this is an enormous step, indicative of progression, corrupt politicians many times can use such incentives to implement manipulative and unscrupulous tactics to gain support from minority groups. Comparative Analysis: Information can be compared in terms of graphical representation. These questions are all the more important given that Latinos are the single largest minority group in the country and growing at exponential rates. Olsen, J. P. (2013). New York: Palgrave. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Sociologist. The Journal of Politics, 64(4), 11531174. PDF Descriptive and Substantive Representation in Congress: Evidence from Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 12411299. For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). 2. Accountability and political representation of national minorities: a forgotten link? In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. Berkeley: University of California Press. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. Does Grading Matter In College? - TheBestSchools.org This conclusion is complicated by the fact that some regard equal group level outcomes not as a good in and by itself but as the best available proxy for equal opportunities given available data and conventional statistical techniques (Phillips 2004). Rawls, J. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. People of color are also serving as mayors across the country, including in major cities like D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, and Atlanta. Weak coalition government: Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. Individuals may not be voting on individual issues within a representative democracy, but they can still have their opinions heard. Between facts and norms. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. Arena Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 68, 0855, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. The concept of representation. Apart from it, if you've collected data on multiple variables, you can use the Bivariate or Multivariate descriptive statistics to study . (1995). Cambridge: Polity Press. Annual Review of Political Science, 12, 5169. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. Studies of the representation of minority interests in the era following the enactment If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. What is a Descriptive Representative? | PS: Political Science Justice and the politics of difference. Norsk Statsvitenskaplig Tidsskrift, 13(3). Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Yet, demographically speaking, Congress as a whole is still a long way from where the country is and remains largely white, male, and wealthy. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. Gives others the ability to learn and develop new skills 3. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. The actual empirical variation and the detailed characteristics of state feminism around the globe are different matters and not the topic of this chapter. Ultimately, whether or not bone conduction headphones are . Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. Why democracy? Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. (1996). Towards a European union gender equality index. Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. Conclusion. It is great to see people who feel like they are finally getting the representation they deserve. Founding members of the CBC include John Conyers (D-MI), currently the longest-serving member of the House of Representatives, Charles Rangel (D-NY), and Shirley Chisholm, a founder of the NWPC and the first African American woman to be elected to the House of Representatives. In: Danielsen, H., Jegerstedt, K., Muriaas, R., Ytre-Arne, B. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. There isnt enough research on the subject, with our world Under PR fewer votes are wasted as more peoples preferences are taken into account. Stetson, D., & Mazur, A. G. (1995). List of the Cons of Proportional Representation 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Qualitative Research Pros & Cons . New York: Oxford University Press. In descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds (gender, race, religion, etc.) View the institutional accounts that are providing access. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description - Helping Writers Become Authors descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com I was taught to never judge someone by how they look but upon their actions. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Your email address will not be published. Additionally, how much does the ethnic composition of a district affect the chances that a Latino candidate will be elected in a given district? https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. The Pros And Cons Of Labor. It is an Efficient Form of Government. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Evidence from Romania. As Shaw and McKay, found out that the rates of crime were not evenly spread out across areas of the city, and around the city. However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. Minow, M. (1991). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Mart, J. L. (2006). I didnt have an opinion when surveys asked if I felt that I wasn't being treated equally to my fellow American classmate with all the same qualities I held. Descriptive Representation In The United States - 461 Words | Bartleby The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. Gain seats easily: A party that receives a high enough percentage of votes has a seat in . ), Representation and redistricting issues. Walby, S. (2011). The more people feel less repressed by the authority the more they feel like they can speak and actual have their voices heard. 1. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. The question here is what happens to the calculus of descriptive representation under the condition that state feminist machineries are in place and work relatively efficiently. It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. Qualitative research, such as surveys and interviews, make information relatable to the reader. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. therefore, it is used by various industries The body is responsible for implementing and drafting . The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. Descriptive representation as an intrinsic good Theories of descriptive representation also suggest that voters may value representatives of the same race as an intrinsic good, regardless of any (perceived) substantive representation that accompanies it. How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? The politics of presence. https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, CC BY. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members. Previous Figure Next Figure. Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. Lovenduski, J. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. While women in many western states could vote sooner, all women were not able to exercise their right to vote nationwide until passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and they began to make up more than 5 percent of either chamber only in the 1990s. While descriptive statistics are used to present raw data in an accurate way, inferential statistics are used to apply inferences derived from a data sample to the larger data population. The simplest example of this point, which is critical for an understanding of how languages function as representational systems, is the famous traffic lights example. Wngnerud, L. (2009). Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation? An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the "what is" of a topic. Diagnostic analytics gives the reason why something happened. 9. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013).

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